Botulinum   toxin   type  A  is a  known  substance and widely used in medicine since 1978 (ophthalmology, neurology) and since 1992 in medicine and cosmetic surgery. This substance injected into the muscle acts on the point of contact between nerve and muscle (neuromuscular plaque ) reducing and / or blocking  the  muscle contraction. Then, after about 4-6 months, the plaque develops new neuromuscular synapses (connections) and the muscle begins to contract (see diagram). On the face is used to reduce   or  to block, depending on the used dose , the contraction of facial muscles and therefore  to eliminate the so- called  "expression lines “

Effects on the NEURO-MUSCOLAR PLAQUE

block impulse transmission
absence of muscle contraction

New synapses
after 4 - 6 months making of news synapses
recovery of muscle contraction

Tecnique

Very important for a natural result of studying the facial expressions of the individual patient, the force of muscle contraction and any asymmetries. Based on this you will mark the points where to inject the toxin, choosing the quantity and concentration. The next step will be to inject a few drops of product on the   targeted  muscle  points, and after about 3-4 days, they will begin to appear the first effects that  will be well  consolidated  after 8-10 days.

Results

Excellent smoothing of wrinkles, elevation of the tail of the eyebrow, opening the eyes: in fact we have a lifting effect of the 3rd top of the face. Attenuation or elimination of frontal wrinkles and  glabellar wrinkles present between the eyebrows .

Duration of effect

The results usually last six months; it was noticed that after several treatments the effect of smoothing lasts longer.

Indications



Botulinum toxin finds its indication in the upper third of the face to remove wrinkles so-called of expression: frontal, vertical, between the eyebrows, wrinkles around the eyes and finish on the the nasal dorsum.  IT’s   also  used with good results to reduce wrinkles lip, the so-called "bar code" and to remove the neck bands

Side Effects

Side effects are mainly related to the  USED technique , and then TO  the operator's skill.

One effect is to avoid the so-called "Mephistophelean" APPEARANCE that is THE central buckle of the eyebrows: while the desired effect is the lifting of the tail of the eyebrow with natural opening of the look.
However, the most feared side effect  is the lowering of the upper eyelid that can occur due to slipping of the toxin to the levator muscle of the eyelid when it is injected in the corrugator muscles located between the two eyebrows.

Clearly this effect is reversible, but it can have a duration of a few months.
Other side effects, if I may say so, are   linked to the not naturalness of the  result and then more or less pronounced asymmetries.